Soil is a mixture of decayed plants and animals, and small pieces of broken rocks such as sand, silt and clay. The rocks are broken as a result of a process called weathering.
Weathering
Soil is largely made up of weathered rocks. Weathering is the process that loosens and breaks down rocks at or near the surface of the Earth. It eventually converts the broken rocks into sand, clay, silt and other dissolved materials.
Weathering is brought about by various agents in our environment, such as:
- wind
- waves
- water
- heat from the sun
- plants and animal
- human activities
- frozen water
The removal of soil by wind and rain is called soil erosion. soil erosion occurs when soil gets blown by the wind or washed away by water.
Factors that affect soil erosion:
- speed and volume of running water
- amount of vegetation
- slope of land
- dryness and size of soil particles
- Shape of land
- condition of soil
- condition of water
- Stop cutting down trees unnecessarily as this exposes the soil to the Sun, rain and wind.
- Grow plants and crops along the slopes of hills and mountains.
- build retaining walls to hold back slopes of hill and mountains.
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